Zaukphung Muru [Basic Principles of Democracy]

Biadomhnak

Zaukphung (Democracy) biafang hi Greek biafang in a rami a si. Demos le Kratos in a rami a si; a hamsa biafang i suallam cu Mizapi (people) tinak a si i, a hnu deuh biafang hi Aanaa-Nawlngaihnak (Power) tinak a si. A fawinak in Zaukphung nih a sawh duhmi/suallam cu Mizapi hna i Nawlngeihmi tinak a si (Power of the People). Cucaah Zaukphung ah cun Mizapi hna nih Direct in a silo ah Aiawhthlah (indirect) in Mizapi nih anmahte in hruainak a cozah uknak phung a si. Mizapi nih anmah hruaitu ding kha lungtlingte in thim i cu thimmi nih cun Mizapi hna duhning khan hruai ding a si. Ramuknak le ramkhel (Politics) kong cawnnak ah cun Zaukphung a suallam cu a phunphun in a um ko lai. Asinain, Greek khua i an rak hmanmi le an thokmi Zaukphung cu Mizapi nih hruaimi a cozah kha a si ko. Asinain, Aristotle, Greek mifimpa nih cun "Lungput a pialmi a siloah ningcang a silomi" Uknakphung tiah a rak ruah. Zaukphung ah cun cozah hruaitu a silomi hna i an thawnnak cu Mizapi hna sin ah a bung in a um tiah tuanbia cawnnak ah thiamsang a simi Greek mifimpa Herodotus nih cun a ti. Cun, US- Ramhun Abraham Lincoln nih cun " Mizapi hna i a cozah, Mizapi hna in acozah le Mizapi hna caah a cozah" tiah a ti. Cachimtu Seeley nih cun Zaukphung ah cun a mi zeimanh nih tinvo le covo, tuanvo, le iteltum khawhnak, tbk..., an ngeihnak uknakphung a si a ti. A cung lei i kan langhtermi Zaukphung a suallam hna hi kan zoh a si ahcun a zapite in a thami le a biapimi lawngte an si dih men lai lo. An i dannak zong a um liangluang ko men lai! Asinain, a tawinak in kan chim a si ahcun, Zaukphung cu a cozah i a sang bik nawlngeihnak cu Mizapi kut a um i, Mizapi cu Rampi i nawlngainak sang bik an si zia kha faingte in a langhter. Zeiruang ah tiah cun, Rampi hruainak ah Mizapi nih direct asiloah aiawhtu (representative) thlah in i uknakphung a si. Cucaah, Zaukphung cu Mizapi tamdeuh duhnak in hruaimi uknak phung a si kan ti khawh. Mizapi tam deuh duhnak in hruaimi uknak phung a si ko nain Mitlawm u duhnak kha a hlaw hlei lomi uknak phung a si fawn.

Zaukphung Thenning:

Zaukphung cu phun hnih (2) in kan then khawh; 1) Direct le 2) Aiawhthlah (Indirect or Representative) Zaukphung an si.

Direct Democracy:  Direct Zaukphung cu Mizapi nih bupi he a pehtlaimi rian kongkau ah karlakah zeihmanh umlomi direct in an duhnak an langhternak phun cozah a si. Mibu meeting ah Mizapi nih phung an ser. Cubantuk tonnak in Mizapi hna nih anmah i hruainak kongkau ah karlak pehtlaitu asiloah aiawhtu mi zeihmanh umlo tein an ruahnak an langhternak kha a thiangmi a silo ah direct Zaukphung cu a si. A sang bikmi nawlngaihnak kha Mizapi hna nih direct in ahohmanh aiawhtu minung (representative) in i tello in a sang bik ngawlngaihnak an hman khawhnak uknak phung a si tiah Hearnshaw nih a ti. Direct Zaukphung cu kha hlan Greek khua ah an rak thok. Cun, India zong ah Direct Zaukphuhg hi Vajji Sangha, Buddhist chan lio ah hin kan rak hmuh khawh. Atu ah cun Ram le Mizapi hna hmunkhat ah tampi in um a si cang caah Direct Democracy hi hman khawh  a si tilo. Direct Zaukphung cu Mizapi an dihlakte in Ram uknak kongkau khuakhannak ah an i tel khawh dihnak phung a si. Cu bantuk phung cu atu Switzerland ram lawng ah kan hmuh khawh cang. Cuhnacu; Appenzell, Unterwanlden le Glarus an si.

Aiawhthlah Zaukphung- (Indirect or Representative Democracy): Aiawhtu thlah in hruainak Zaukphung ah cun Ram caah Mizapi nih direct in anmahte in thil pipa biakhiahnak tuahnak le ralringte in ruah le ceih ciammamnak kha tuah loin Aiawhtu an thimmi hna nih khan Mizapi lung tlinnak/duhning in khuakhaan i hruaimi uknak phung  a si. Cubantuk phung ah cun Mizapi Aiawhtu cheukhat hna nih cozah nawlngeitu kha caan kar caah Mizapi nih thimnak in an tlaih. Cubantuk thimnak cu kum4, kum5 ah voikhat in an um i Mizapi Aiawhtu hna cu thlen than lengmang an si.

Cubantuk cozah cu kum zabu hleisarih lio (17th Century) ah England ram ah a rak thok. France ram ah 1830 le Italy ram ah 1978 kum hna ah an rak hman. A voikhatnak Ralpi a dih in Weimer phunghrampi zulh in Germany ram ah an rak thok ve. Cu hnu ah a voihnihnak Ralpi a dih in West Germany ram an hman. Nihin kan vawlei ah Ram Thangcho tampi hna cu hi Aiawhthlah (Indirect or Representative) Zaukphung an zul. Cu hna cu, Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Canada, Australai, New Zealand, the United States of America, West Germany, Italy, France, Holland, Denmark, Swedan, Norway, Austria le Belgium hna an si.

Zaukphung Muru;

Luatnak (Liberty): Zaukphung i a biapi bik hrampi a simi cu luatnak siloah zalonnak (Liberty) le pakhat le pakhat itlukruannak (Equality) an si. Mizapi nih Zaukphung uknak ahcun a sang bikmi luatnak le itlukruannak kha nuam le tlingte in an tin co. Great Britain ram ah cun, an rampi ihruainak ah buaibainak pakhat khat an ton sual tikah Ram hruaitu lutlaitu bik (Prime Minister) nih a mah a dotu/ralkah (opposition) a simi hruaitu lutlaitu bik a ton i ruahnak hna a hal. Asinain, Siangpahrang uknak phung (Monarchy), Hramhram uknak phung (Dictatorship) hna ah cun zeibantuk a biapi mi caan hmanh ah Mizapi le dotu/ralkah party a simi cu chimrel khawhnak zalonnak ngeih a si lo.

Tlukruannak (Equality): Zaukphung i a biapitnak bik pakhat a simi cu pakhat le pakhat itlukruannak (Equality) hi a si. Rian a san deuh ruang ah siseh, biaknak ruang ah siseh, hrinsor le phun ruang ah siseh, nu le pa sinak in siseh i dan ruang ah Mizapi cung ah zeihmanh thleidannak a um lo. Culawng siloin, mi zeihmanh ram phungphai (Laws) hmai ah ikhah dih a si i, a hohmanh duhsak deuhmi um a si fawn lo. Zatlang nun ikhahnak a biapit tlukte in pumpak tthanchonak le ramrian tuannak ah pakhat le pakhat ikhahnak silo ah itlukruannak hi a biapi tukmi a si. Pumpak tthanchonak i Mizapi sirumnak le sifahnak ikhahnak a um ttung lo ahcun ramrian le zatlang nun itlukruannak cu pakpalawng an si.

Unau sinak/Aphu umnak (Fraternity): Zaukphung uknak cu daite in ihruainak hmunhma lawng ah a tam bik tlam a tling. Culawng siloin a buaibaimi pawngkam ahcun ping a su. Curuang ah vawlei cung i Zaukphung uknak in a hruaimi hna nih vawlei pumpi chung ah deihnak caah heh tiah an izuam.

Mizapi Nawlngeihnak Asangbik: Zaukphung uknak ah cun a sang bik le a donghnak bik nawlngeihnak cu Mizapi kut cung ah a um i a cozah nih cu nawlngeihnak (Aanaa) cu Mizapi sinin a lak. Hi bantuk ruang ah hin kum 4, kum 5 voikhat in Zaukphung in aa hruaimi hna ram ah cun i thimnak a um hi a si. Cu thimnak ah cun Mizapi nih an duhmi kha zalongte in thim khawhnak nawl an ngei i, an duh lomi hruaitu kha zalongte in thlaknak nawl an ngei. Cu thimnak cu a thianghlimmi thimnak a si.

Ahrampi le Biapi a simi Minung Covo: Zaukphung uknak phung in ihruainak ahhin a hrampi le biapi (muru) a simi cu Minung Covo kha ram Mizapi nih tlukruangte in an ngeih. Cu bantuk Covo a umlonak ahcun pumpak tthanchonak caah thil har tuk a si. Vawlei cung ram tampi ah cun an phunghrampi nih cu bantuk a biapi le a hrampi a simi Minung Covo (Fundamental rights) kha a pek. Tahchunnak ah, USA, Japan, India, France le Italy hna ah cun an phunghrampi nih tthate in Covo cu thate in a kilven.

Zalongmi Biaceihnak (Independence of Judiciary): A tthawngmi le zalongte in biaceihnak nawl a ngei khomi biaceih zung (Judicial) le cu nih cun Mizapi hna covo (fundamental rights) kilven khawh kha a rian a si. Zaalongmi Beiceihnak cu a fawinak in, tanhhlei a ngeilomi a sinak kha a langhter duhmi a si. India ram ah cun Supreme Court le High Court nih an ram pumpi phunghrampi (constitution) le ram minung Covo (fundamental rights) kha a kilven.

Mizapi Bawmtu Cozah (Welfare State):  Zaukphung uknak cu Mizapi hna i an herhmi caah cozah nih a herhmi bawmhnak  pek kha a si. Cu bantuk bawmhchanhnak ah cun a hohmanh zoh hlei le pek hlei um lote in a ukmi cozah a si. Thleidannak a um lomi uknak phung a si. Welfare State hi kum zabu hleikua (19^th century) hrawng ah aa thok mi a si cang nain 2008 kum vawilei cung i chawhleh-chawhrawlnak lei a tlak hnu in biatakte in a tthangchomi a si.

Zaukphung Hlawhtlinnak Le Tlinlonak

Mifimlo le cathiamlo tamnak ah Zaukphung ihruainak hi tlam a tling tawn lo. Zeicatiah, Mizapi nih

ramrian ah i fiannak a tlawm caah a si. Curuang ah Mizapi nih ramrian kong i fian hi Zaukphung hlawhtlinnak ah a biapi tuk mi a si. Cun, Mizapi hna nih ram caah i pekchannak, zangfahnak lungthin, mah le mah lawng ruahlonak, dinfelnak ngeih (discipline), phukhat le phukhat ikawmh thiamnak, pawl hi Mizapi nih an ngeih khawh a hau. A sikhawh chung in fimthiamnak hi manlo in cawnkhawhnak tuah a hau i mirum le sifak thleidannak um lo tein a hopaoh nih cawn khawh ding hi Zaukphung hlawhtlin khawhnak ding ah a biapi mi thil an si.

Zaukphung hlawhtlin khawhnak ding ahcun Mizapi hna nih zeibantuk covo (Rights) le tuanvo le tuahding (Duties) kan ngeih tihi i hngalh a hau. Cun, Mizapi nih Ramrian kong ah zeidah harnak le tthatnak kan ton ti kha hngalh peng a hau fawn. Cubantuk hngalhnak le theihnak cu cawnnak le ttha tein kherhlainak lawng in a ra kho. Cucaah Mizapi hna pumpak fimthiamnak hi Zaukphung hlawntlinnak ah a biapi tuk mi pakhat a si.

Cun, zalongte in chimrel khawhnak le duhnak langhter khawhnak (freedom of speech and expression), zalongte in duhthim rianttuan khawhnak (freedom of profession), zalongte in biak khawinak (freedom of religion), zalongte in bu dirh khawhnak (freedom to form association) nawl hna hi Zaukphung i a nunnak hrampi an si. Zaukphung acozah nih zalongte in catialnak le chimrel khawhnak hi a khenkham lo. Cucaah, Zaukphung cu ruahnak le pawmning tampi langhternak le i elnak kha zalawnnak a pek.

Ramkulh cozah duhnak le herhnak kha tlinter ding in lungthlinnak a ngeimi a si. Asinain, a cheu ramrian biapi mi hna cu rampi cozah nawlngeihnak le hruainak tang ah chiah an si. Cucu, Ram pumpi runvennak (Defense), Ram dang he pehtlaihnak (International Treaties), Ram ngunkhuai (Federal Budget), thil le ca chuahlutnak (Postal Service) hna hi an si. Asinain, kan nih Kawlram Bupi komh ahcun a tutiang ramkulh nih tuah khawhnak nawl an ngeihmi a tlawm tuk hringhran i, a cunglei nawlngeih le zulh lawnglawng an i tim kho rih!

Zaukphung cu zulh dingmi ram phunghrampi kha tialmi phungphai in (Written Constitution) fehter a si. A cheukhat Zaukphung in aa hruaimi ram hna zong ah tialmi phunghrampi a ngei lo mi an um. Tahchunnak ah United Kingdom (England) hi tialmi phungphai a ngei lo. Asinain, vawlei cung ram tampi cu; Rampi (Union) Cozah le Ramkulh (State) cozah karlak ah a dangdang in nawlngeihnak an ngei veve ning le ram pumpi huap in tuanvo an ngeihnak kha phunghrampi (constitution) nih ttial in a tthen piak hna. 

Hi bantuk zulh in a hruaimi Zaukphung acozah cu hlawhtlinnak an hmu. Asinain, a zul kho lomi Zaukphung cozah cu an rawk zau.

Biadonghnak

A donghnak ah a tawinak in vun char tthan ning law, Zaukphung uknak hi a tlangpi in cun aa khat ko nain, ram pakhat le pakhat hmanmi phung hi an i dannak tete a um. Zaukphung ah cun ram rorelnak le nawlngeihnak kha Mizapi kut cung ah, Direct in asiloah Mizapi aiawh thimmi palai hna nih an ngeih. Zaukphung uknak nihcun Mizapi zalawnnak kha a runven i a dirpi. Zaukphung cu mitam deuh duhning in ram uknak phunglam i hruai ning kalpi a si. Cun, pumpak le  mitlawm u duhnak zong kha a upat tthiamtthiam i an covo kha a kilven. Zaukphung uknak nih Centre cozah nawlngeih tuknak kha a doh, a hrial i Ramkulh (state) nawlngeihnak kha thazaang a pek. Mizapi duhning in kalpi khawhnak caah Ramkulh cozah kha thazaang a pek fawn. Zaukphung uknak i a rian biapi bik hna cu; nuhrin covo hrampi a simi zalongte in chimrel khawhnak, zalongte in biak khawhnak, phunghram tang ah thleidannak umlo in ram Mizapi kilvennak le ramkhelrian, zatlang hawikawmhnak le chawlehthalnak ah zalongte in tel khawhnak lam a pek. Zaukphung uknak nih zalongte in le a dikmi i thimnak kha Mizapi caah a tuah. Uknak phung nih hramhram in uktu nawlngeihnak le remkhel bu pakhat lawng nih ram kong ah nawlngeihnak kha a doh. Mizapi duhmi le Mizapi thimmi cozah a dirkamh.

Zaukphung cozah nih ram uknak phunghrampi ningte in ram le Mizapi hruai kha a dirpi. Ram Mizapi karlak ah pakhat le pakhat thleidannak umlo in ram phung nih ram Mizapi diklak kha runvennak a pek hna. Mizapi hna covo kha phungphai (laws) in a runven. Ram pakhat i zatlang nun phung le um tuning kha a langhter. Zaukphung nih Mizapi nunning kha a kalpi. Minung pakhat le pakhat i thleidannak kha a upat i hramhram phunkhat duhnak le ruahnak lawng in ram a kalpi lo. Zaukphung uknak cu ram Mizapi nih covo an ngeih lawng siloin, ram uknak le ram kong ah i tel khawhnak ttuanvo zong an ngeih chih. Cu nihcun Mizapi covo le zalawnnak kha a runven. Zaukphung uknak in a hruaimi mibu nih lungsaunak le intuar khawhnak, ttuanttinak, itheihthiamnak  man hna a upat i a dirpi. Zapi lung funtom khawhnak caah khat le khat i nawlpatnak le theithiamnak laak kha a kalpi ning a si fawn. Cucu a zungzal in a si khawh lo hmanh ah a Zaukphung nih a dirpi peng mi le a kal pi peng mi a si. A donghnak ah India ram luatnak pa a si mi Mahatma Gandhi bia vun char ning law, “intuar khawh lo hi, hraanak (violence) a langh ning phunkhat a si”. Cucu Zaukphung (Democracy) thlarau tthanchonak caah dawnkhantu thil pakhat a si tiah a ti.+++

Salai SH Lian

Note: CCC Annual Magazine Avoi 18nk ah chuah cangmi a si .